The recent news article “600 to benefit from solar light” (The Fiji Times, 29/12/2024) is progressive news, that is led by the Ministry of Multi-Ethnic Affairs, and the article quoted the speech “The solar lights will not only light up streets but also brighten lives, enabling safe movement and fostering a stronger sense of community”; and is considered to be a “symbol of progress, sustainability and power of partnerships” (The Fiji Times, 25/12/2024). Fiji has also noticed many Sustainable solar energy projects that aim to provide clean and reliable energy for critical facilities (The Fiji Times, 20/12/2024). How does this solar energy work? The answer is that photovoltaic (PV) solar electricity is the production of energy from sunshine. Photovoltaic cells are specifically engineered silicon wafers that absorb light energy (photons) and emit electrons, so generating an electric current. This sustainable energy source represents a remarkable transformation in the field of lighting technology, and solar light stands at the forefront of this revolution. This op-ed delves into its usages and challenges and finds out the ways that can benefit a nation.
Historical rise: A luminous journey
There was a gradual rise in solar lighting systems, based on technological advancement and growing environmental awareness. The early phase was the discovery of the photovoltaic effect, which became the basis of solar energy conversion. The early solar cells were low in efficiency but were a paramount step towards using sunlight for power generation. The invention of silicon solar cells increased its efficiency. The discovery of high-brightness emitting diodes and LED (Low energy consumption) pairing with solar panels resulted in providing efficient and durable lighting solutions. Gradually, the cost of solar panels and LEDs has significantly reduced, which has made solar lighting a more affordable and accessible option for mass consumption.
Across the world, many governments provide subsidies for installing solar panels, in order to encourage the generation of solar power in India, the Government of India launched schemes such as the “Solar Park Scheme, VGF Schemes, CPSU Scheme, Defence Scheme, Canal Bank & Canal top Scheme, Bundling Scheme, Grid Connected Solar Rooftop Scheme etc.” (https://mnre.gov.in/en/solar-overview/). The Australian Government has also given rebates and loans that can help to pay for rooftop solar and an associated battery (https://www.energy.gov.au/solar/financial-benefits-solar/government-rebates-and-loans-solar). Improvements in battery technology have enhanced the dependability and performance of these systems, enabling energy storage for use during nighttime or overcast circumstances. With the advancement of technology, the spectrum of solar light applications broadened, including urban street lighting, residential illumination, and several more uses, hence reinforcing its significance and utility across diverse settings. Hoping Pacific island nations also generously give huge subsidies to lighting to the masses, which shall help to move towards sustainable use of energy.
Advantages and challenges of solar light systems
Solar light systems have provided several benefits, which have led to their rising popularity. One of the key advantages is a decreased reliance on fossil fuels, which not only helps to minimise the environmental effect of energy production but also offers a more sustainable and robust energy source, especially in areas where grid access is limited. The solar light systems have proved essential in emergency circumstances and disaster relief operations since they can be readily moved and deployed to give instant lighting support. Solar systems have allowed communities to extend their working hours, increase educational possibilities, and stimulate entrepreneurial activity, eventually increasing the quality of life for people and families.
There are some challenges, like the upfront installation cost of solar systems being a deterrent for low-income communities. Another deterrence is securing loans or subsidies to install, especially in low-income areas and rural areas. The issue of durability and longevity of solar panels and batteries is a huge concern that may require regular maintenance and high replacement costs in nations where solar lights are not manufactured but imported. Difficult weather in many countries, like the Pacific island nations, which are cyclone-prone, impact the durability of the solar system. The lack of public awareness about the benefits of the solar power system and its reliability can hinder its adoption.
Conclusion
Continued efforts to remove these constraints, including novel finance structures, capacity-building programs, and collaborative collaborations, will be critical in assuring the broad adoption and long-term success of solar light systems. In order to move towards sustainable power usage and reduce carbon footprints, adopting wide-scale solar forms of energy will be of immense value for Fiji.
