LABOUR productivity in Fiji is being undermined by high rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Asian Development Bank’s recently published Asian Development Outlook 2026, revealed this while highlighting the far-reaching economic and social impact of NCDs across the country.
The report states that rising cases of illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension are not only contributing to premature deaths but are also reducing workforce participation and efficiency.
“Labour force participation rates are below 58.9 per cent since 2014, while age dependency ratios have hovered between 53.6 per cent and 50.6 per cent from 2014 to 2024, undermining productivity, competitiveness, and resilience,” the report said.
These figures indicate that a relatively small proportion of Fiji’s population is actively engaged in work, while a significant share remains dependent, either due to age or ill health, placing additional strain on the economy.
While Fiji maintains relatively low out-of-pocket health costs, with about 70 per cent of health spending publicly funded, the report notes that overall government health expenditure remains limited.
“Public health spending is only about 4 per cent of GDP, lower than some of Fiji’s peers with similar income levels, and below the World Health Organization’s recommended 5 per cent of GDP
“The Ministry of Health and Medical Services recently completed a national survey providing critical data on key NCD risk factors to target interventions that will ease the health crisis.
“Promotion campaigns encourage healthy eating and physical activity, while legislation restricts tobacco and sugary drink consumption.”
In addition, investments are being made to strengthen healthcare infrastructure, expand screening and treatment services, and improve primary healthcare delivery.
Digital health systems are also being introduced to enhance patient data management and service efficiency, while school-based policies seek to tackle childhood obesity.
Despite these measures, the report warns that implementation gaps and resource constraints continue to hinder progress.
“These measures represent progress, but implementation gaps and resource constraints remain, requiring sustained commitment and innovative financing.”
The ADB is calling for accelerated health sector reforms, including increased public investment and stronger alignment with national priorities.
NCDs currently accounts for more than 80 per cent of deaths in Fiji and costing approximately $263 million annually.
