Eye health is a critical yet often overlooked aspect of public health in Fiji.
With a population of around 900,000, Fiji faces unique challenges in delivering eye care services, particularly in rural and remote areas.
Common vision problems, such as cataracts, refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia), diabetic retinopathy, and trachoma, contribute to preventable blindness and visual impairment.
Let’s talk about the most common vision burden of evolving countries like Fiji ie cataracts.
Cataracts are one of the common eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly those over the age of 60.
Cataract occur when the natural lens of the eye, which lies behind the iris and pupil becomes cloudy, leading to blurred or dim vision and, if it remains untreated then it can cause potential blindness. Cataracts can significantly impact daily life but fortunately, cataracts are treatable with surgery, restoring clear vision for most patients.
As we know cataracts is the leading cause of blindness, particularly among older adults. Cataract account for a significant portion of avoidable blindness in Fiji — 2.6 percent among adult population — 40+ years suffer from blindness and clearly a major driver of vision loss in Fiji, accounting for over 70 percent of blindness in this age group. Around 47.5 percent cases got surgical coverage with vision <6/18.
(Source: Fiji Ministry of Health & Medical Services, Fred Hollows Foundation NZ Reports, WHO Western Pacific Region Eye Health Data, PubMed Data)
Causes and risk factors
While aging is the most common cause of cataracts,but several other factors can contribute to their development:
- Age: Most cataracts develop after age 40, with the risk increasing over time.
- Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can accelerate cataract formation.
- UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight without eye protection.
- Smoking and Alcohol Use: These habits increase oxidative stress in the eyes.
- Trauma or Injury: Physical damage to the eye can lead to cataracts.
- Medications: Long-term use of steroids or certain other drugs.
- Genetics: A family history of cataracts may increase risk.
Symptoms of cataracts
Cataracts develop slowly, and painlessly where symptoms may not be noticeable at first.
Common symptoms include:
- Blurred , cloudy or dim vision
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Sensitivity to light and glare
- Fading or yellowing of colours
- Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription
- Double vision in one eye
- Seeing “halos” around the lights
When to see a doctor
If you notice prolonged vision problems or any of the above symptoms, it’s important to seek an eye examination.
Early detection can help manage symptoms and plan treatment appropriately.
Diagnosis and treatment
An eye doctor (ophthalmologist or optometrist) can diagnose cataracts through a comprehensive eye exam, including:
- Visual Acuity Test – Measures how well you see at different distances.
- Slit-Lamp Examination — Allows the doctor to examine the cornea, iris, and lens.
- Retinal Exam – Checks the back of the eye after dilating the pupils.
Treatment Options
- Early Stages: Corrected glasses, anti-glare sunglasses,or brighter lighting may help
- Advanced Stages: Surgery is the only effective treatment.
Cataract surgery
Cataract surgery is a safe and common procedure where the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
The surgery is usually done under local anesthesia and takes about 15-30 minutes.
Recovery is quick, with most patients noticing improved vision within a few days.
Cataract surgery in Fiji
In Fiji, cataract treatment is available through government hospitals, NGOs like the Pacific Eye Institutes Suva, private hospitals and some private eye clinics as well.
Prevention Tips
While cataracts cannot always be prevented, these steps may help reduce risk:
- Wear UV-protective sunglasses/ corrected transition glasses to protect eyes from dust, fume & sunlight
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol.
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants (leafy greens, fruits) with Vitamin A and multi vitamin contained food.
- Control diabetes and other health conditions.
- Get regular eye check-ups, especially after age 40.
Conclusion
Cataracts are a leading cause of vision impairment but are highly treatable.
Early detection and modern surgical techniques can restore clear vision, allowing individuals to maintain an active and independent lifestyle.
If you experience any symptoms of cataracts, consult an eye specialist (optometrist/ophthalmologist) for proper evaluation and treatment.
By staying informed and proactive, you can protect your vision and enjoy a clearer, brighter future.